Undergraduate Student Handbook

Final examinations will be held at the close of each term in all courses. All courses are required, by the University, to have a final exam, project or presentation completed on the date of the final exam. There will be no departure from the College of Nursing printed schedule of examinations. Nursing students follow the College of Nursing schedule rather than the posted University schedule. This generally allows students to have only one final examination per day. Changes for individual emergencies of a serious nature will be made only with the approval of the faculty, the chair of the Department of Baccalaureate Education and the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs. A student who is absent from an examination without an excuse may be given a grade of “F” in the course. The instructor may issue an incomplete “I” in the case of a student absent from the final examination who has presented a satisfactory excuse or an official university excused absence from the ECU Dean of Students Office.

Students in their final semester of the program who are passing going into a required major course final examination, may be offered a retake on the final examination if their grade on the final examination results in a failing grade for the course (<C, or 77.5).

Students who earn a second grade less than “C” (78) often feel that circumstances should merit an exception to the progression guidelines regarding ineligibility to continue. The CON agrees that at times extenuating circumstances do exist. In an effort to be consistent and fair the following working definition and examples of extenuating circumstances will be used. Definition: An extenuating circumstance is an event that is unusual; out of the ordinary, unforeseen, unexpected, and occurring within the semester for which the appeal is requested. The extenuating circumstance must be documented with course and clinical faculty at the time of the event, not after the grade has been earned.

• Students will be granted the opportunity to appeal the progression requirements once while in their program of study in the CON.
• Students who earn 2 or more grades less than “C” (78) and have an academic integrity violation are not eligible to request an exception to the progression guidelines.

Requests for Exceptions and Appeals to Progression: While all classes demand a high level of student achievement, NURS 4500 is primarily a course synthesizing all previous nursing content. Any student who earns <C (78) in NURS 4500 (not NURS 4511) may request to repeat NURS 4500 once, regardless of the number of previous grades <”C” (78), by completing the NURS 4500 Repeat Form found in Student Services. The form must be completed by the student and returned to the Executive Director of Student Services. The form will then be forwarded to the Dean or designee for review. Upon approval by the Dean or designee, the student may repeat NURS 4500 in the next semester, pending space availability.

Approved by Undergraduate Faculty Organization 4/9/2015

Appeal Procedure

If a student wishes to request an Exception to the Progression Requirements, they must appeal to the Undergraduate Student Affairs Committee (USAC) by first contacting the Executive Director of Student Services to discuss the process.

The Undergraduate Student Affairs Committee (USAC) requires the following from the student:

1. Completion of the Progression Appeal Request form obtained from the Executive Director of Student Services.
2. Submission of a letter to the Executive Director of Student Services, that briefly outlines the circumstances leading to the failing grades earned.
3. Prior to the appeal appointment, submit to student services a printout of grades in each failed course (from Canvas). This report should consist of grades earned, date earned and form of evaluation (quiz, paper, exam).
4. Any other information the student feels is of value to the USAC in the decision-making process (e.g. doctor’s letters, legal records, and all long term or current medication which may have impacted earning <78 (C 2.0))).
5. A copy of unofficial ECU transcript.
6. A written plan of what strategies will be implemented to prevent such circumstances from impacting future grades.
7. Student Services will obtain pre-admission test scores if applicable.

(See Appendix C for Checklist to follow)

The USAC, after receiving a written request, will review the appeal at the earliest possible time consistent with thorough review and preparation.

Decisions include:

1. Appeal granted
2. Appeal granted with conditions
3. Appeal denied

If a student appeal is denied, the student may not continue in the CON but may continue at the University.

Recommendations of the Undergraduate Student Affairs Committee are reviewed by the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and the Dean who will concur, concur with modifications, or not concur with the recommendation of the committee. The recommendation of the Associate Dean and Dean are communicated with the committee for final decisions. The student will be notified of the decision in writing by the Executive Director of Student Services.

Any student who feels they have “NEW” information that impacts the decision rendered, will submit this new information to the Executive Director of Student Services. The information will then be reviewed by the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and the Dean. If the new information is found to be pertinent to the situation, it will be referred back to the Undergraduate Student Affairs Committee for consideration.

Repeating Course Work

A student who appeals and receives an exception to progression will be placed in the course(s) on a space available basis and is not guaranteed for the semester following ineligibility. All students that are approved to return will be readmitted based on seat availability first, then on the rank-ordered guidelines found in Appendix B.

The College of Nursing administers several standardized tests throughout the program. These tests help identify areas that the students need to focus on within the program. The CON offers resources for remediation. In the final semester the CON uses a test to assess knowledge level and readiness for the NCLEX. Results are used to assist students in determining nursing content that has been mastered. Various enhancement materials are used to assist with weaknesses that have been identified.

Students may use laptops, with faculty approval, during class to record class notes or for other purposes related to the class in session. When using a laptop, it must be fully charged and not require connection to an electrical outlet. This is mandatory based on fire and safety regulations. In the event that a particular computer is disruptive, the instructor has the option to require that the use of the laptop computer be discontinued. Students are requested to ask each professor prior to any video or audio recordings.

All College of Nursing requirements may be found in the CON Student Handbook in the section labeled “Compliance Policies and Clinical Requirements”.

1. In collaboration, the Chair and Assistant Chair for the Department of Baccalaureate Education, determine the course schedules, including the number of clinical sections needed and their locations, each semester in accordance with University deadlines for entry of schedules into Banner. For summer and fall semester schedules, these are usually entered in early/mid-February, and for spring semester schedules, early October.
2. The Associate Director of Student Services, in collaboration with the Chair and Assistant Chair of the Department of Baccalaureate Education, assign students in BSN semesters 1 – 3, and ABSN, to their clinical course sections, making sure sections are evenly filled and do not exceed the max enrollment allowed and noted in Banner, and addressing any DSS clinical accommodations, ROTC requirements, and student athletes. Every effort will be made to rotate all students through ECU Health Medical Center. In the case of two clinicals in one semester, every effort will be made for students to travel to only one site. The Department Chair and Assistant Department Chair will review BSN fourth semester requests and other pertinent data to assign students to their community and capstone clinical sections and will provide these lists to the Associate Director of Student Services for student registration.
3. All clinical section rosters should be reviewed by the Department Chair and/or Assistant Chair.
4. Once all students have been registered and schedules are released by the University, every effort will be made to limit any changes in clinical assignments. Students requesting a change must have documented DSS accommodations for clinical submitted to the Associate Director for Student Services by June 1 for fall semester and October 30 for spring semester. Except for extreme circumstances, changes in clinical sites will not be granted after June 1 for fall semester and after October 30 for spring semester.
5. Students must submit all College of Nursing compliance requirements by July 1 for fall semester and November 30 for spring semester.
6. The identified liaison for specific clinical agencies requiring the use of a program such as Rotation Manager, will enter students for that agency and semester into the appropriate system by the deadline noted by the agency.

05.29.2023

Clinical Travel

Due to the broad scope of clinical facilities and locations of clinical sites and agencies, undergraduate nursing students must have access to reliable transportation prior to starting clinical courses in the College of Nursing. Expenses for travel to and from clinical sites/ agencies are the responsibility of the student. Clinical sites are generally within an hour’s drive of Greenville but may be up to 1 ½ hours or more away.

Clinical and Lab Attendance

Regular attendance as defined in the course syllabi in the clinical/lab area is expected in all nursing courses. If an emergency situation arises (such as sudden illness), the student is required to notify the appropriate person in the clinical agency and/or the nursing instructor within one hour of the start of clinical/lab. This is a professional responsibility which must be assumed by the individual student and will be taken into consideration in the evaluation of clinical/lab performance.

Noncompliance of Requirements

Consequences of students found out of compliance may be found in the CON Student Handbook in the section labeled “Compliance Policies and Clinical Requirements”.

Purchase of Uniforms

Students are required to purchase uniforms. The College of Nursing uniform was selected by ECU nursing students and faculty and is especially made for ECU nursing students. Information regarding the purchase of uniforms will be e-mailed to you upon admission to the BSN or ABSN option (pre-licensure students only).

Any change in a student’s clinical placement during a semester, except in the case of an extreme extenuating circumstance, must be cleared by the Chair of the Department of Baccalaureate Education.

If a student becomes ill while in the clinical setting, the instructor will allow the student to rest in a quiet area until arrangements can be made for transportation home. The student should report to the Student Health Center or their primary care provider. A student requiring emergency treatment while in the clinical area will be taken to the emergency room for emergency treatment only. An event report, if appropriate, is to be initiated at the time of treatment (one for the agency and one for the College of Nursing). The College of Nursing event report is to be completed and submitted to the chair of the Department of Baccalaureate Education. Do not copy the Agency’s form.

It is illegal in the sovereign state of North Carolina for nursing students, as well as nurses and doctors, as agents of a health agency, to witness living wills (NCGS 90-320-322). College of Nursing students may not serve as witnesses to legal documents of any kind (wills, informed consent, living wills, etc.) while in the role of the nursing student in a clinical practicum (including health agencies, clinics, and even home visits). The exceptions are those consents students need to obtain from clients, peers or others in order to meet educational objectives; for example, interviewing clients and obtaining research subjects’ consents.

Procedure:

• A dosage calculation competency is to be administered for:
  • All students in the pre-licensure BSN Program – each semester.
  • All students in the Accelerated Second-Degree BSN Option – each semester.

Requirements:

• The dosage calculation competency score from Assessment 1 will constitute 5% of the course grade.
• A minimal grade of 90 must be achieved to be satisfactory.
• No accommodations will be provided, as this is a competency skill.
• A simple calculator will be allowed.
• Students not earning a 90 on Assessment 1 are required to undergo remediation.
• Students not earning a 90 on Assessment 1 will be allowed one retake (Assessment 2).
• Students not earning a 90 on Assessment 2 will not attend clinical and do not meet the clinical objectives; therefore, will fail the clinical course. Students may drop the course if the assessment is prior to the drop date

Remediation

• Will occur between Assessment 1 and Assessment 2 with at least 5 school days between each assessment but may be within 3 days if requested by the student.
• Will be led by course faculty.
• Will include a review of the Assessment, reworking of the problems, and time to ask questions of the faculty.

Assessment Structure

• 20 word-problem questions with a 60-minute time allotment.
• No multiple-choice questions, students must show their written work.
• The answer should include the units of measure (units, milligrams, teaspoons, tablets, etc.)
• Partial credit will not be given for answers.
• All Assessments will include items covering conversions to basic dosage calculations for PO, SQ, IM or ID.
• Other content may include weight-based medications and calculations, IV calculations, IV drip rate calculations, IV medications infusion rates, e.g., insulin and heparin.
• Assessment questions for each semester will be appropriately designed to meet the clinical objectives as stated on each course syllabus.
• No Conversions will be provided for the Assessments.

Approved by UFO: April 9, 2015
Implementation: Summer 2015
Time allotment clarified: April 14, 2016, UFO
Updated: 08/18/17 UFO
Updated and approved by UFO: 10/28/2021jb
Placed in Undergraduate Student Handbook.
Updated and approved by UFO: 4/13/23 MB

RULE: Units of measurement one or greater, the answer to the nearest tenth.

To express an answer to the nearest tenth, carry the decimal point to the hundredths place (two places after the decimal). If the number in the hundredths place is 5 or greater, add one to the tenths place. If the number is less than 5, drop the number to the right of the desired decimal place.

Example 1:

Express 5.46 to the nearest tenth.

Answer:

5.5 (The number in the hundredths place is 6, so the number in the tenths place is increased by one. 5.4 becomes 5.5)

Example 2:

Express 2.43 to the nearest tenth.

Answer:

2.4 (The number in the hundredths place is less than 5, so the number in the tenths place does not change. The 3 is dropped.)

RULE: Units of measurement less than one, the answer will be to the nearest hundredth.

To express an answer to the nearest hundredth, carry the division to the thousandths place (three places after the decimal). If the number in the thousandths place is 5 or greater, add one to the hundredths place. If the number is less than 5, drop the number to the right of the desired decimal place.

Example 1:

Express 0.188 to the nearest hundredth.

Answer:

0.19 (The number in the thousandths place is 8, so the number in the hundredths place is increased by one. 0.18 becomes 0.19.)

Example 2:

Express 0.694 to the nearest hundredth.

Answer:

0.69 (The number in the thousandths place is less than 5, so the number in the hundredths place does not change.)

1. Liquid Medications (PO and IM)In the clinical setting, the equipment you have will often help you determine how many places to carry out your decimal when calculating dosages.While most syringes found on the Medical-Surgical units are marked in tenths, other units have syringes that are marked in hundredths.Most calculation problems require that you show at least two decimal places (hundredths place) and round off to the nearest tenth.NOTEIn some instances, it may be necessary to compute decimal calculations to thousandths (three decimal places) and round to hundredths (two decimal places).The ECU CON will require that you calculate to the hundredth place and round to the tenth place unless otherwise directed in the problem.
2. IVs
   1. Gravity – You CANNOT count part of a drop.All IV solutions being administered via gravity will be rounded to the nearest whole number.
   2. Pump – The IV pump is in milliliters per hour ONLY. Most IV pumps will deliver to the tenth place and some to the hundredth place.
      The faculty will include in the problem if the student is to include any decimal point in the answer.
3. SubQ InsulinPolicies for SubQ insulin vary at all facilities. For the purpose of the ECU-CON Math Calculation Competency, SubQ insulin will always be rounded down.Example 1:20.5 units = 20 unitsExample 2:0.7 units = no insulin given
4. Never round in the middle of a calculation. Rounding should occur at the end of the calculation ONLY.Example:The patient weighs 145lbs. The physician orders 2 mg/kg of a medicine. Available is 20 mg/mL. 145 lbs. = 65.90909 kg. Work with 69.90909 kg. To work the rest of the problem 65.90909 kg X 2 mg/kg = 131.81818 mg to be given.
   

   131.81818 milligrams = 20 milligrams
   X milliliters                    1 milliliter

   This gives you 6.590909 mL You round at this point and give 6.6 milliliters.

Approved by Undergraduate Faculty Organization 11/12/15
Updated and approved by UFO 10/28/2021jb

The undergraduate faculty members have determined that all students shall not perform the following clinical skills:

1. Administer IV chemotherapy agents, rejection medications, epidurals, or experimental drugs and thrombolytic agents (tPA, etc…).
2. Remove epidural catheters, or thoracotomy tubes.
3. Insert an IV on your preceptor, faculty, or another student, or patient without an order.
4. Titrate continuous IV infusions of vasoactive medications or medications which alter level of consciousness (such as sedatives or narcotics).
5. Withdraw blook from arterial lines.
6. Discontinue or insert PICC, central IV lines or arterial lines.
7. Access (using Huber needle) or remove access of implantable ports or portacaths.
8. Administer medications into the reservoir of an implanted pump.
9. Insert and/or manipulate intraosseous and intrathecal medication or fluid administration.
10. Perform arterial blood punctures.
11. Administer or restart blood products.
12. Measure or perform cardiac outputs or pulmonary wedge pressures.
13. Manipulate or remove arterial catheters, sheaths, dialysis catheters, any invasive monitoring lines and pacing wires.
14. Access dialysis devices (no dialysis needle insertion) or manipulate any dialysis therapy and/or continuous renal replacement therapy.
15. Perform or manipulate peritoneal dialysis.
16. Insert, tape, retape, extubate, or reposition endotracheal tubes.
17. Alter setting on respiratory ventilator equipment.
18. Accompany transport via helicopter or land transportation.
19. Accompany or transport patients off unit independently.
20. Serve as an interpreter (unless certification is held).
21. Be a sitter for a patient.
22. Perform procedural or conscious sedation.
23. Perform defibrillation or cardioversion.
24. Take verbal/telephone orders.
25. Take written provider’s orders off the chart or electronic medical record.
26. Access narcotics or controlled medications, count narcotics or controlled medications.
27. Use a staff member’s medication access code-staff/faculty must obtain the medication for nursing student.
28. Insert fetal scalp electrodes.
29. Administer IV Pitocin during induction or augmentation of labor.
30. Administer nitrous oxide.
31. Insert a small-bore nasoenteric tube WITH a guidewire, similar to a dubhoff.
32. Collect blood culture samples.

Direct supervision is defined as onsite and physically present during the procedure. Students MAY participate in these skills under direct supervision of an RN, per agency policy:

1. Perform vaginal examination to assess labor.
2. Draw venous blood samples peripherally, from peripheral lines or central lines (including PICC lines and previously accessed implanted ports).
3. Give IV push medication by peripheral venous lines (including Midlines) and central lines (including PICC lines and previously accessed implanted ports).
4. Administer IV narcotics to adult and pediatric patients.
5. Hang lipids and hyperalimentation.
6. Flush central lines, PICC lines and previously accessed implanted ports.
7. Remove or replace narcotics for PCA pumps.
8. Adjust or change IV rate or titratable drips except those listed in #4 on the shall not-perform list.
9. Change dressings on central lines, PICC lines, and previously accessed implanted ports.
10. Insert nasoenteric tubes (similar to Salem sump or Levine tubes) WITHOUT a guidewire.
11. Suction endotracheal tube.

Special Patient Population Considerations:

• Any patient considered High Risk from a legal, domestic, or safety standpoint should not be assigned to a student.
  1. Examples include but are not limited to:
     1. Patients involved in in risk management referrals or cases.
     2. Airborne isolation.
     3. Pediatric cancer patients on chemotherapy.
  2. Incarcerated patient assignments may be left to the discretion of clinical faculty. Students who are in clinical with a preceptor will not be assigned these patients.

NOTE: This is not an inclusive list. Questions should be referred to the appropriate faculty member. Agency policy/procedures can restrict practice but not expand the scope of ECU students.

12.8.15 Approved by UFO
03.02.17 Addition regarding: nasoenteric tubes J. Bowman
04.22.21 Clinical Coordinators
09.02.2021 Undergraduate Curriculum Committee
10/28/2021 UFO/JB

Nursing Student Organizations

ECU nursing students can choose to join a variety of organizations, listed below. For more about these groups and for information on how to join, visit Student Organizations.

• Interprofessional Health Sciences Student Leadership Council
• Student Leadership Council
• East Carolina Association of Nursing Students
• American Assembly for Men in Nursing
• Beta Nu chapter of Sigma Honor Society of Nursing
• Multicultural Student Nurse Association
• Holistic Health Organization
• Nurses Christian Fellowship

Representation on College of Nursing Committees

The following Faculty Organization standing committees call for undergraduate student representation. Students may volunteer or be nominated by classmates to serve on these committees. If you have an interest in serving on a committee, see a faculty member.

Global Health Committee

Shall consist of five elected faculty members, one of whom is involved in diversity initiatives and two students (one undergraduate and one graduate).

Research and Creative Activities Committee

Shall consist of six elected faculty members, and three students, one from undergraduate, masters, and doctoral: and the Associate Dean for Research and Creative Activity. The Associate Dean shall serve as a voting ex-officio member.

Undergraduate Curriculum Committee

(Includes one pre-licensure and one RN/BSN student) Monitors the ongoing development of undergraduate curriculum; collaborates with the Associate Dean for the Undergraduate Program and Department Chairs to monitor the implementation in the undergraduate curriculum; makes recommendations to the Faculty Organization for course and curricula changes that are consistent with the philosophy and objectives of the program and recognition of the evolution of health care; reviews new course proposals, course revisions, and course deletions and recommends changes to the Faculty Organization; makes curriculum recommendations based on program evaluation data; and reports trends and recommendations related to the curriculum to the Faculty Organization.

Student Affairs Committee

(Includes at least one upper division undergraduate student) Evaluates recruitment, admission, progression, and graduation trends; reports evaluation of trends and recommendations related to recruitment, admission, progression and graduation policies to the Faculty Organization. Conducts timely meetings of student appeals in a manner consistent with established protocols; and consults with University Academic Advisement and Support Center and other academic units as needed.

Unit Assessment and Evaluation Committee

Shall consist of six-elected faculty members representing undergraduate, masters, and doctoral programs and 3 at large; and voting representatives of the Office of Program Evaluation and Student Services, and two students (one undergraduate and one graduate).

Criteria for eligibility of students to serve on committees:

1. Successful completion of first semester in the major.
2. GPS 2.5 or higher in nursing; 2.5 or higher overall grade point average.
3. Current full-time enrollment in nursing.

Beta Nu Chapter of Sigma International Honor Society of Nursing was established on East Carolina University’s campus in 1974.

The vision, mission and strategic goals of Sigma may be found at Sigma Organizational Fact Sheet.

Invitation to membership is extended to undergraduate students based on the criteria described on the website at Why Join Sigma? If a student turns down membership, no other student can be offered the seat according to bylaws. It is a great honor, so please consider carefully before turning down your offer.

*Adult values- refer to latest version of Diagnostic & Laboratory test reference textbook if pediatric values or other adult values are not listed below. This list is not all inclusive.

Basic Metabolic Panel (Chem 7 measure the seven items of the metabolic panel): Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Carbon Dioxide (bicarbonate), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine, and Glucose.

Sodium (Na+) 135-145 mEq/L
Vital to normal body processes, including nerve and muscle function. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium function in the active transport system which carries out the actions of excitable tissues such as muscle and nerve tissues

Potassium (K+) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Vital to cell metabolism and muscle function. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium function in the active transport system which carries out the actions of excitable tissues such as muscle and nerve tissues

Chloride (Cl-) 98-106 mEq/L
Helps to regulate the amount of fluid in the body and maintain the acid-base balance.

Carbon Dioxide (C02) content 22 -26 mEq/L

BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) 10-20 mg/dL
Waste product filtered out of the blood by the kidneys; conditions that affect the kidney have the potential to affect the amount of urea in the blood

Creatinine 0.6- 1.2 mg/dL
Waste product produced in the muscles; filtered out of the blood by the kidneys so blood levels are a good indication of how well the kidneys are working

Glucose 74-110 mg/dL
Hypoglycemia in adults is less than 70mg/dL
Energy source for the body; a steady supply must be available for use, and a relatively constant level of glucose must be maintained in the blood.

HgA1C: less than 5.7% is normal, Diabetics should be less than 6.5%

Chemistry Extension in addition to the BMP/Chem7 or CMP/Chem12

Calcium (Ca²⁺) 8.6-10 mg/dL
One of the most important minerals in the body; essential for the proper functioning of muscles, nerves, and the heart and is required in blood clotting and in the formation of bones & teeth.

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) 1.6-2.6 mg/dL
Beneficial for bone health, diabetes (higher Mag diet linked to lower risk of T2 diabetes), cardiovascular health

Phosphate (PO4-) 3-4.5 mg/dL
Makes up many cells, causes reactions in body like glycolysis

Liver Tests/CHEM 12 components (AST, ALT, Albumin, ALK Phos)

ALP (alkaline phosphatase) 30 -120 U/L
Enzyme found in the liver and other tissues, bone; elevated levels of ALP in the blood are most commonly caused by liver disease or bone disorders.

ALT (alanine amino transferase, also called SGPT) 4-36 U/L
Enzyme found mostly in the cells of the liver and kidney; a useful test for detecting liver damage

AST (aspartate amino transferase, also called SGOT) 0-35 U/L
Enzyme found especially in cells in the heart and liver; also a useful test for detecting liver damage

Ammonia 10-80 ug/dL

Total Bilirubin (less than 1.5 mg/dL)
Waste product produced by the liver as it breaks down and recycles aged red blood cells

Proteins

Albumin 3.5 -5.0 g/dL
A small protein produced in the liver; the major protein in serum. major plasma protein which maintains fluid balance by providing colloidal osmotic pressure.

Total Protein 6.4-8.3 gm/dL
Measures albumin as well as all other proteins in serum

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

RBC: Male- 4.7-6 million/mm3 Female- 4-5.3 million/mm3

HGB: Male- 14-18 g/dl Female- 12-16g/dl

HCT: Male- 42-52% Female- 37-47%

WBC: 5,000-10,000/mm3
An increased WBC count (leukocytosis) usually indicates infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis, or leukemic neoplasia. A drastic decrease in WBCs below the normal range (leukopenia) may indicate bone marrow failure and subsequent high-risk septicemia and death.

PLT 150k-400k/mm3
Major component of clot, for clot formation to stop bleeding. High count increased clotting formation, thrombocytosis/thrombocythemia. Low count thrombocytopenia: bleeding

WBC with diff:

Neutrophils 50-70%
Indicator of body response to infection to ask for more WBC to be produced…these are immature WBCs being formed as the first defenders.

Lymphocytes 20-35%
Recognize foreign antigen, produce antibodies

Monocytes 2-8%
Involved in phagocytosis and become macrophages

Eosinophils 1-4%
Destroy parasites, involved with allergic reactions

Basophils <1%
Involved with inflammatory response to injury

LM/EGM/UFOmeeting 8_18_2023 @1530